tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-72670062901014024742024-03-20T15:37:41.395+07:00Power Plant TechnologyLearn About Power GenerationUnknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger19125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7267006290101402474.post-16999390458507717992023-03-27T09:50:00.009+07:002023-03-27T09:50:44.176+07:00The Future of Power Plants<p><span style="color: #252525;">As the demand for electricity continues to grow, the future of power plants will play a critical role in meeting this demand while addressing concerns about the environment and sustainability. The power plants of the future will need to be more efficient, flexible, and environmentally friendly than ever before. In this article, we will explore the future of power plants and how they may evolve to meet these challenges.</span></p>
<h3 style="color: #252525; text-align: left;">Renewable Energy Sources</h3>
<p style="color: #252525;">Renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydropower are expected to play a significant role in the future of power generation. Solar power is becoming increasingly cost-competitive with traditional fossil fuels and can be used in a variety of settings, including residential, commercial, and utility-scale projects. Wind power has also seen significant growth in recent years, and advances in technology have made it more efficient and cost-effective.</p>
<p style="color: #252525;">Hydropower has been a reliable source of electricity for decades, and advancements in technology are making it even more efficient and environmentally friendly. Other renewable energy sources, such as geothermal and biomass, are also expected to play a role in the future of power generation.</p>
<h3 style="color: #252525; text-align: left;">Energy Storage</h3>
<p style="color: #252525;">Energy storage technologies are also expected to play a critical role in the future of power plants. Energy storage can help address the intermittency of renewable energy sources by allowing for the storage of excess energy generated during peak times for use during periods of low production.</p>
<p style="color: #252525;">Battery storage is becoming increasingly cost-effective and can be used in a variety of settings, including residential, commercial, and utility-scale projects. Other storage technologies, such as pumped hydro storage and flywheels, are also being developed and tested.</p>
<h3 style="color: #252525; text-align: left;">Smart Grids</h3>
<p style="color: #252525;">Smart grids are another technology that is expected to play a critical role in the future of power plants. Smart grids use advanced communication and automation technologies to optimize the distribution and management of electricity, improving efficiency and reliability.</p>
<p style="color: #252525;">Smart grids can also facilitate the integration of renewable energy sources and energy storage technologies, allowing for more flexible and sustainable power generation. Smart grids can also help reduce energy waste, improve grid stability, and improve the overall performance of power plants.</p>
<p style="color: #252525;">In conclusion, the future of power plants will be shaped by advances in technology and a growing focus on sustainability and efficiency. Renewable energy sources, energy storage technologies, and smart grids are expected to play a significant role in the future of power generation, allowing for more flexible, efficient, and sustainable power plants. As we move forward, it is important to continue to innovate and develop new technologies to meet the growing demand for electricity while addressing concerns about the environment and sustainability.</p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7267006290101402474.post-36348722599576479422023-03-27T09:46:00.006+07:002023-03-27T09:46:41.697+07:00The Environmental Impact of Power Plants<p><span style="color: #252525;">Power plants are a vital source of electricity for our daily lives, but they also have a significant environmental impact. Power plants can contribute to air and water pollution, deforestation, and the emission of greenhouse gases, which can have long-term effects on the environment and human health. In this article, we will explore the environmental impact of power plants and how we can mitigate their effects.</span></p>
<h3 style="color: #252525; text-align: left;">Air Pollution</h3>
<p style="color: #252525;">Power plants can emit pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter into the air. These pollutants can cause respiratory problems, such as asthma and bronchitis, and contribute to smog and acid rain. The use of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas in power plants is a significant source of air pollution.</p>
<p style="color: #252525;">To reduce air pollution, power plants can use cleaner fuels, such as natural gas, and install scrubbers and other pollution control technologies to capture and reduce emissions. Regulations and incentives can also encourage power plants to adopt cleaner technologies and reduce emissions.</p>
<h3 style="color: #252525; text-align: left;">Water Pollution</h3>
<p style="color: #252525;">Power plants can also impact water quality through the discharge of cooling water, wastewater, and other pollutants. Cooling water is used to cool the equipment in power plants and is often discharged back into the environment at a higher temperature, which can harm aquatic life. Wastewater from power plants can also contain heavy metals, chemicals, and other pollutants that can contaminate water sources.</p>
<p style="color: #252525;">To mitigate water pollution, power plants can use closed-loop cooling systems, which reuse cooling water and reduce the need for discharge. They can also use treatment technologies to reduce the amount of pollutants discharged and comply with regulations on water quality.</p>
<h3 style="color: #252525; text-align: left;">Greenhouse Gas Emissions</h3>
<p style="color: #252525;">Power plants are a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions, which contribute to climate change. The burning of fossil fuels in power plants releases carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, which trap heat and contribute to global warming. The use of nuclear power and renewable energy sources such as wind and solar can reduce greenhouse gas emissions from power generation.</p>
<p style="color: #252525;">To mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, power plants can use carbon capture and storage technologies, which capture carbon dioxide and store it underground. They can also adopt renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar, which produce electricity without emitting greenhouse gases.</p>
<p style="color: #252525;">In conclusion, power plants play a vital role in generating electricity for our daily needs, but they also have a significant environmental impact. It is important to take steps to mitigate their effects on air and water quality and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. By using cleaner technologies, complying with regulations, and adopting renewable energy sources, we can reduce the environmental impact of power plants and protect our planet for future generations.</p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7267006290101402474.post-12079024960275263222023-03-27T09:42:00.008+07:002023-03-27T09:42:57.557+07:00The History of Power Plants<p> <span style="color: #252525;">The history of power plants dates back to the 19th century, when electricity was first discovered. Since then, power plants have evolved from simple systems to complex and efficient machines that generate electricity for our daily use. In this article, we will explore the history of power plants and how they have developed over time.</span></p>
<h3 style="color: #252525; text-align: left;">Early Power Generation</h3>
<p style="color: #252525;">In the early 1800s, electricity was first discovered through experiments conducted by Michael Faraday and others. However, it was not until the 1870s that power plants began to emerge as a means of generating electricity. The first power plants were small and only supplied electricity to a few buildings or homes.</p>
<p style="color: #252525;">The first commercial power plant was opened in 1882 in New York City by Thomas Edison. The power plant used steam engines to generate electricity, which was then distributed through a network of wires. Edison's power plant was a significant milestone in the history of power plants and paved the way for the development of larger and more efficient power plants.</p>
<h3 style="color: #252525; text-align: left;">Advancements in Power Generation</h3>
<p style="color: #252525;">As electricity became more widespread, power plants began to grow in size and efficiency. In the early 1900s, power plants began to use turbines, which generated electricity more efficiently than steam engines. The first hydroelectric power plant was also built during this time, using the energy of flowing water to generate electricity.</p>
<p style="color: #252525;">In the 1920s, the first nuclear power plant was built, which used nuclear reactions to generate electricity. Nuclear power plants were considered a significant advancement in power generation, as they produced a large amount of electricity and did not rely on fossil fuels.</p>
<p style="color: #252525;">During the mid-1900s, power plants began to use coal-fired boilers to generate steam, which was then used to power turbines. Coal-fired power plants were a significant advancement in power generation, as they produced large amounts of electricity and were relatively cheap to build and operate.</p>
<h3 style="color: #252525; text-align: left;">Modern Power Plants</h3>
<p style="color: #252525;">In the late 20th century, power plants began to use natural gas as a fuel source, which produced fewer emissions than coal-fired power plants. The first wind turbines were also introduced during this time, which used wind power to generate electricity.</p>
<p style="color: #252525;">Today, power plants use a variety of sources to generate electricity, including fossil fuels, nuclear reactions, wind, solar, and hydroelectric power. Modern power plants are more efficient and produce fewer emissions than their predecessors, thanks to advancements in technology and regulations on emissions.</p>
<p style="color: #252525;">In conclusion, power plants have come a long way since their inception in the 19th century. They have evolved from simple systems to complex and efficient machines that generate electricity for our daily use. As we move forward, it is important to continue to innovate and develop cleaner and more sustainable sources of power generation to meet the growing demand for electricity.</p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7267006290101402474.post-29486211477903264582023-03-27T09:38:00.004+07:002023-03-27T09:38:29.712+07:00Types of Power Plants and How They Work<p style="color: #252525;">Power plants generate electricity for our daily use, from charging our phones to powering entire cities. These power plants use different methods and sources to produce electricity. Let's explore the various <b>types of power plants and how they work</b>.</p><h3><ol style="color: #252525; text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>Thermal Power Plants</b>:</span></li></ol></h3><p style="color: #252525;">Thermal power plants are the most common type of power plant used to generate electricity. These plants use fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas to heat water and produce steam. The steam is then used to power turbines, which generate electricity.</p><p style="color: #252525;">The process involves burning the fossil fuel, which heats the water in a boiler, and the steam produced rotates the turbines. The steam is then cooled down and condensed back into water, which is recycled to the boiler to start the process again.</p><h3><ol start="2" style="color: #252525; text-align: left;"><li><b>Nuclear Power Plants</b>:</li></ol></h3><p style="color: #252525;">Nuclear power plants use nuclear reactions to generate electricity. These power plants use uranium as fuel, which undergoes a nuclear reaction and releases heat. The heat is then used to create steam, which powers turbines and generates electricity.</p><p style="color: #252525;">The process involves a chain reaction that produces heat, which is used to boil water, producing steam. The steam then drives turbines that generate electricity. Nuclear power plants are considered very efficient and produce a large amount of electricity, but they also pose a high risk in terms of radiation leaks and the disposal of radioactive waste.</p><h3><ol start="3" style="color: #252525; text-align: left;"><li><b>Hydroelectric Power Plants:</b></li></ol></h3><p style="color: #252525;">Hydroelectric power plants use the energy of moving water to generate electricity. These power plants are often located near dams or rivers, where the water can be captured and channeled to generate electricity.</p><p style="color: #252525;">The process involves flowing water that rotates turbines to generate electricity. The water is then released back into the river or dam. Hydroelectric power plants are considered clean energy as they do not produce any pollution, but they do require a consistent supply of water.</p><h3><ol start="4" style="color: #252525; text-align: left;"><li><b>Wind Power Plants:</b></li></ol></h3><p style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Wind power plants genera</span>te electricity using the power of the wind. Wind turbines are used to capture the wind's energy, which is then converted into electricity.</p><p style="color: #252525;">The process involves the wind turning the turbines, which generate electricity. The energy produced by wind turbines is dependent on the speed and consistency of the wind. Wind power is considered clean energy as it does not produce any pollution.</p><h3><ol start="5" style="color: #252525; text-align: left;"><li><b>Solar Power Plants:</b></li></ol></h3><p style="color: #252525;">Solar power plants generate electricity using the energy of the sun. Solar panels are used to capture the sun's energy and convert it into electricity.</p><p style="color: #252525;">The process involves sunlight hitting the solar panels, which produce electricity. Solar power plants require a consistent supply of sunlight and are often located in areas with high levels of sunlight. Solar power is considered clean energy as it does not produce any pollution.</p><p>
</p><p style="color: #252525;">In conclusion, power plants play an essential role in providing electricity for our daily needs. The different types of power plants use various sources and methods to generate electricity, with each having its advantages and disadvantages. It is important to consider the environmental impact of each type of power plant and work towards using more clean and sustainable energy sources.</p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7267006290101402474.post-80177899201414333832020-07-01T14:46:00.000+07:002020-07-01T14:46:31.342+07:00Power Transformer<div style="text-align: justify;">
All of the power transformers listed are for 115 V AC input power. The 115 V AC is on terminals 1 and 5, there should always be a fuse (shown) or circuit breaker placed in series with the input power line (low side white
wire) as shown in
the power transformer wiring diagram. The output power is obtained on terminals 6 & 10 with half the voltage obtained on
terminals 6 & 8 or 8 & 10.
When connecting the transformer to the power cord and fuse / circuit breaker be sure that the power cord is not
connected to any receptacle. Connect the one wire to the transformer terminal #1. Connect the other power cord wire to
the fuse holder wire as shown (circuit breaker lug #1). Connect the other fuse holder wire (circuit breaker lug #2) to
terminal #5 on the transformer. Make sure all electrical connections are soldered using ROSIN CORE solder.
A bit about solder, for any electrical type of connection - solder pastes, liquid fluxes, and any other type of flux not
intended for use in the electronics industry WILL CORRODE AND DESTROY ANY GOOD ELECTRICAL CONNECTION
AND EQUIPMENT (this includes the NO-KORODE type sold for the plumbing industry - DO NOT USE IT ! ). If you have
any difficulty obtaining a good solder please contact us, we will gladly sell you the appropriate solder. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijFa08VPiMFv-w_UJ_0kgkcHr4JcsrRhZyUtavkbSGmJ027sN-Gchyphenhyphen-Xvh2LnPEk4tT8bSVdMLmpbVbuDGCVpn7GErFi27Sdi6QW636AYlEEpElEViSrXW2BRMAERIo1eeWaoFO9GzBKss/s1600/trafo.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="410" data-original-width="888" height="183" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijFa08VPiMFv-w_UJ_0kgkcHr4JcsrRhZyUtavkbSGmJ027sN-Gchyphenhyphen-Xvh2LnPEk4tT8bSVdMLmpbVbuDGCVpn7GErFi27Sdi6QW636AYlEEpElEViSrXW2BRMAERIo1eeWaoFO9GzBKss/s400/trafo.png" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Back to finishing the transformer connnections. After all connections are done and secure, insulate them with electrical
tape and be sure that there is NO bare wire connections showing. Place the appropriate fuse in the fuse holder. The 100
watt transformers use a 1.5 amp slow blow fuse, the 50 watt transformers use a 3/4 amp slow blow fuse. If you chose to
use a circuit breaker instead of a fuse use, a 2 ampere (Item #613) for the 100 watt transformers a 1 ampere (Item #612)
for the 50 watt transformers. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
When connecting a grounded power cord it is appropriate to connect the white wire to the fuse / circuit breaker. The black
wire would be connected to a power on/off switch. We recommend the use of power strips instead of several power
switches. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The output may be connected to the appropriate terminals and properly insulated. At this time you may plug the
transformer in and test your wiring. If the fuse blows or circuit breaker trips immediatly, check your wiring, you have a
short! If the fuse blows or circuit breaker trips after a period of time, you probably have the transformer overloaded. If this
is the case you should split the load to two transformers or get a more powerful transformer. It is more economical to use
several 100 watt transformers than to buy one large power transformer.
ALWAYS UNPLUG the power cord before changing the fuse !</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7267006290101402474.post-17770322222614004342017-01-10T23:47:00.001+07:002017-01-10T23:47:36.351+07:00Generator Working Principle<div style="text-align: justify;">
When the rotor being driven by the prime mover, a small magnetic field was set up and due to this, a small voltage is
induced. The AVR will sense this low voltage and compare it with the required voltage level. The AVR will find initially the
sensed voltage is considerably low than the required voltage. The AVR will provide such power from the main stator
winding to establish the exciter field. The exciter also have a small amount of residual magnetism.<br />
The power from the main output winding (rectified by going through the AVR) will add to this residual level to produce a
greater magnetic field strength. With the exciter magnetic field strength increased, the a.c. output voltage from the exciter
rotor will also increase. This voltage is rectified by the rotating diodes. This extra excitation adds to the residual level of the
main field and produces an increase in output voltage from the main stator.<br />
The AVR senses this increase and will further increase the excitation field excitation. The main stator voltage is building up
until the sensed voltage is the same as the required voltage.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOMDP3YB3gGKE5aOfHxoHVxrVyGweY44wKVh3OCgv7FPWPEUGa_v8pjpHXxNFPD9eL62jjt-Ft-KOLrWXaiYyL-DFJVkMoUcborsmo-CMcixbsRzBkL2r_qNsDbasD685Sp2KFwgFeuOnb/s1600/prinsip+gen.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="143" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOMDP3YB3gGKE5aOfHxoHVxrVyGweY44wKVh3OCgv7FPWPEUGa_v8pjpHXxNFPD9eL62jjt-Ft-KOLrWXaiYyL-DFJVkMoUcborsmo-CMcixbsRzBkL2r_qNsDbasD685Sp2KFwgFeuOnb/s400/prinsip+gen.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">generator principle</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
A change in output due to load current is automatically compensated for by the AVR. This will adjust the excitation under all
circumstances in order to achieve minimum error between the sensed output voltage and the required voltage.</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7267006290101402474.post-12548866748292478232013-11-13T21:16:00.000+07:002013-11-13T21:16:33.720+07:00Steam and Water System in Thermal Power Station<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Steam and Water System in Coal Fired Power Plant</span></b><br /><br /><u>System General Description</u><br />Feed water is heated in the economizer then enters the steam drum. Here, it mixes with the boiler water before flowing into four centralized downcomers (Φ508×55,SA-106C). Each downcomer has distributing headers which connect to 74 pipes (Φ159×18,20G). These pipes take the water to the lower headers at the front, back and both sides of the water wall.The water is heated in the water wall tubes, becoming a steam-water mixture before entering the water wall upper headers. Upper headers connect to 94 steam-water pipes (Φ159×18,20G), through which the steam water mixture enters the steam drum to be separated by the separator (classifier) in the drum. Saturated steam goes to the penthouse superheater. Saturated water mixes with feed water from the economizer in the drum and enters the downcomers to be recirculated. <br />Based on steam flow process, the superheating system can be divided into six stages, which are respectively the penthouse superheater (roof, or ceiling, superheater), enclosed wall superheater, primary (low temperature) superheater, large platen superheater, rear platen superheater, and secondary (high temperature) superheater.<br />The steam reheat system can be divided into three stages respectively based on steam flow process: wall type reheater, intermediate reheater, secondary reheater. <br /><br /><u>System Functions</u><br />Being heated, saturated steam with a certain temperature and pressure is generated from the demineralized water, which becomes superheated steam or reheated steam with a certain temperature and pressure through high temperature and low temperature superheater. In this way, the exhausted flue gas temperature is decreased, the thermal efficiency is improved and the thermal deviation of steam & water system is reduced.<br /></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7267006290101402474.post-26050288222771163972013-11-10T11:17:00.002+07:002013-11-10T11:17:51.039+07:00General System of Coal Pulverizer<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>General System of Pulverizer</b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
It is a positive pressure direct air swept pulverizing system with 5 HP963 medium speed coal pulverizers per boiler. Each pulverizer is equipped with one gravimetric coal feeder and one coal bunker. There are five independent pulverizing systems for each boiler. Four pulverizers operating together can satisfy the requirements of boiler maximum continuous rating and have a storage coefficient of more than 1.1 for design coal. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Coal from the bunker enters the coal feeder which conveys the coal to the pulverizer for grinding and drying. The processed pulverized coal is passed through a classifier by the drying agent (primary air). There are four pulverized coal pipes (φ590×10) connecting each classifier to supply coal to burners on the same layer in the four corners of the furnace (see pulverized coal flow chart). Five coal pulverizers correspond to five burner levels. This arrangement ensures even heat distribution along left and right side of front and rear wall when any one coal pulverizer is shutdown during boiler operation, thus effectively preventing coking and reducing the flue gas temperature difference and flow difference at furnace outlet. A pneumatic shutoff gate is installed in each pulverized coal pipe. It can be closed within ten seconds and provides a tight air seal. The shutoff gate is opened when coal pulverizer starts running and closed quickly during pulverizer shutdown or accidents to prevent the flue gas in the furnace returning to the pulverizers and to prevent cold air entering the furnace via pulverizers. For enhanced protection, an electric shutoff gate is installed at the burner inlet. Due to the different resistance in different coal supply pipes, adjustable dampers are located in the pipes. This makes the resistance across all the pipes similar, which is beneficial for combustion control. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
One gravimetric coal feeder with 100 percent capacity is matched to each pulverizer. With electric shutoff gates located at inlets and outlets of pulverizer, it has good air tightness and self-cleaning functions. A sealing air port is located on the housing of the feeder to ensure its pressure is higher than pulverizer inlet air pressure to prevent hot air backflow. The coal feeder is equipped with coal supply cutoff alarm, pluggage alarm and coal flow monitor, etc., to assist with troubleshooting and safe operation.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The coal pulverizer output is 6 - 60t/h. The coal flow can be regulated by changing the rotating speed either at local or in remote control (manual/auto) as required by the boiler combustion control system to coordinate coal supply with boiler load.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Each boiler is equipped with 5 coal bunkers which connect to 5 coal feeders respectively. Total effective coal storage of four bunkers can satisfy over 8 hours coal consumption under boiler MCR working condition.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
System Functions</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Pulverized-coal system is a significant auxiliary system for the unit. Its purpose is to grind coal into qualified pulverized coal as is required by combustion; its operation has direct influence on the safety and efficiency of the boiler. </div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7267006290101402474.post-27537990825703301332013-07-28T12:34:00.000+07:002013-07-28T12:34:14.356+07:00Steam Turbine Overhaule Scope of Work<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Steam Turbine Overhaule scope of work:</b></span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;">
<li><b>Steam Turbine Simple Overhaule (SI): </b></li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
- Checking Bearing condition.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
- Checking Bearing Clearance</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
- Check the shaft alignment</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
- Checking Valve HP turbine Governing movement. Governor oil pressure</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
- Check the condition of the blade last LP Turbines.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
- Checking Steam Strainer</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
- Calibration Turbine protection tools and measuring instruments.</div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;">
<li><b><b>Steam Turbine </b>Mean Overhaule (ME):</b> </li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
- That Simple Inspection scope of work plus with the work include:</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
- Opening turbine casing upper</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
- Check the condition of the whole turbine blades.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
- Check the clearance between the rotor and stator</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
- Checking the sealing system.</div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;">
<li><b>Steam Turbine Major Overhaule (SE) </b></li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
- That Scope ME jobs plus work include: </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
- Turbine Rotor Lift and clean the crust of dirt / rust. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
- Remove the fixed blade diaphragm and cleaning it. Stator and rotor cleaning. If removing difficult, cleaning dirt stator and rotor can be done by sand blasting. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
- Checking the rotor and stator defective parts and make repairs if necessary or replace the damaged part. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
- Replace Bearing clearance when it was over </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
- Replace all equipment removed, and record clearance.</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7267006290101402474.post-19519880653813043792013-07-28T04:20:00.001+07:002013-07-28T04:20:20.015+07:00Steam Turbine Maintenance<b><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Steam <span style="font-size: large;">T</span>urbine Maintenance</b></span> </b><br />
<b>Steam turbine maintenance</b> intended to ensure the safety of turbine operation and keep the steam turbine on optimum performance. Maintenance which performed on the turbine divided several conditions, namely:<br />
<br />
<ul>
<li><b>Turbine maintenance during operation</b> is usually performed as required because the type of work performed is not much, like cleaning Bearing lube oil filter, lubricate Rail / Sliding Bearing pedestal parts etc.</li>
</ul>
<br />
<ul>
<li><b>Turbine maintenance over time stop operating </b>just check readiness for safe turbine operation again, like checking Insulation Casing HP Turbines and fix it if there is damage to insulation, as well as checking the readiness of turbine equipment for operating. When time stopped quite a while so Turning Gear operated for a moment to avoid permanent deflection shaft.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><b>Overhaule maintenance </b>on the turbine is based on the time base. <b>Simple Overhaule</b> done when the turbine has been operating 8000 hours or approximately 1 year in operation.<b> Mean Overhaule</b> done after turbine 16,000 operating hours or approximately 2 years after operating. <b>Major Overhaule</b> done when the turbine operates 32,000 Hours</li>
</ul>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7267006290101402474.post-50259739589386116092013-07-27T23:39:00.000+07:002013-07-27T23:39:01.714+07:00Content Analysis of Coal <div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Content Analysis of Coal </b></span></div>
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Coal analysis is required whether the coal can be used in the power plant or can't be used because the range outside the power plant design. In addition the analysis of coal is needed to determine the quality of the coal. Analysis is generally used in power plant Proximate analysis.
Coal proximate analysis consists of some basic analysis of coal, which aims to make it easier to assess its quality. The proximate analysis is done routinely every arrival of shipment of coal, which consists of: </div>
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· Volatile Matter </div>
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· Ash </div>
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· Carbon </div>
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· Calorific Value </div>
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· Moisture </div>
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· Grindability</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7267006290101402474.post-8552537952502259782013-07-21T22:44:00.001+07:002013-07-21T22:44:43.214+07:00Feed Water System Startup Permit<b><span style="font-size: large;">Feed Water System Startup Permit in Coal Fired Power Plant</span></b><br />
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<li>Receive the startup command from shift leader </li>
<li>The erection and maintenance for M-BFP have finished and commissioned well. The anchor bolts are reliable and there are no impurities in the surrounding places of equipment. The work permit has been returned and signed off and the safety measures have been removed. </li>
<li>Contact with I&C and electrical personnel to confirm the protection for M-BFP has been put into operation </li>
<li> Inspect M-BFP booster pump mechanical seal cooling water inlet and outlet manual valves have been open, and the cooling water quantity are sufficient. </li>
<li>Inspect M-BFP motor cooling water inlet and outlet manual valves have been open. </li>
<li>Inspect all water discharge valves in booster pump and inlet screen are closed. </li>
<li>Inspect manual valves in M-BFP mechanical seal cooling water system, cooling chamber and oil cooler have been open. Discharge the air inside to make sure the flow is sufficient. </li>
<li>Inspect oil supply system and whether the oil level of hydraulic coupler is normal. Start up auxiliary oil pump and check the oil pressure in oil intake components is normal and if there is any leakage. Inspect whether the DP in hydraulic coupler switchable duplex strainer is proper. </li>
<li>Inspect whether the water level in deaerator is normal, and supply water to the feedwater system. Open M-BFP inlet motor valve. Inspect the DP in front of and behind booster pump inlet strainer is normal. </li>
<li>Inspect whether #3, #2, #1 HP heater inlet motor valves are open. Close all bypass valves and all manual drain valves and manual water discharging valves. </li>
<li>Adjust the oil in M-BFP hydraulic coupler scoop tube is less than15%. </li>
<li>Inspect and close the M-BFP outlet motor valves. Check the manual valves in front of and behind a recirculation valves have been open and the openness of recirculation valves are more than 90%. </li>
<li>The temperature differences between upper pump shell and lower shell should be less than 20 degree. </li>
<li>Start M-BFP, and inspect the current of the motor is________ A. The vibration and sound of pump should be normal. The outlet pressure, oil temperature and bearing temperature should be normal. </li>
<li>When M-BFP starts, there will be a 30 seconds delay normally. When the pressure of lubrication oil is normal, the auxiliary oil pump will stop automatically, otherwise, shut down manually. </li>
<li>Adjust the oil flow in oil cooler based on lubrication and working oil temperature to make sure oil temperature is normal. </li>
<li>Open the vent valves in #3 and #1 HP heater outlet feedwater pipes. Switch the control mode of M-BFP outlet motor valve into local. Manually and slightly open outlet motor valve to inject water to feedwater system. Manually close outlet valve when there is water overflowing from #3 and #1 HP heater outlet feedwater pipes. Then, switch the control mode of M-BFP outlet motor valve into remote. Open M-BFP outlet motor valve. </li>
<li>Open boiler feedwater bypass governing valve to feed water to boiler based on the requirement of boiler part. Adjust the openness of scoop tube to meet the requirement of feedwater system. </li>
<li>When M-BFP inlet water flow is more than 130T/H, put recirculation governing valve into automatic. At this time, recirculation valve should close automatically. </li>
<li>Take an overall check to feedwater system and report to the chief operator.
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7267006290101402474.post-91012316897926964382013-07-21T00:25:00.001+07:002013-07-21T00:25:15.399+07:00Steam Turbine Overspeed Trip Test<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Steam Turbine Overspeed TRIP TEST (MECHANICAL)</b></span><br />
a. Attain Turbine at Rated speed (3000 RPM)<br />
b. Raise the turbine rotation until close the value set "Trip speed mechanical governor", which is 110% (3300 ~ 3330 RPM) by pressing the "TEST overspeed"<br />
c. Check the current state the turbine trip:<br />
- Trip Speed of Emergency Governor trip device<br />
- Indication of "TURBINE RESET" position Off<br />
- Indication of "TURBINE TRIP" position On<br />
- Alarm "Emergency Trip Device" appears in announciator and Summary<br />
- Turbine Valves Closed<br />
d. After checking the above conditions, Reset the Emergency trip device after rotation turbine is less than 3000 RPM and return to normal speedUnknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7267006290101402474.post-79170111167622277282013-07-19T23:33:00.000+07:002013-07-19T23:33:17.478+07:00Atmospheric Corrosion<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Atmospheric Corrosion</b></span><br />
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Atmospheric corrosion can be defined as the corrosion of materials exposed to air and its pollutants, rather than immersed in a liquid. Atmospheric corrosion can further be classified into dry, damp, and wet categories. This chapter deals only with the damp and wet cases, which are respectively associated with corrosion in the presence of microscopic electrolyte (or “moisture”) films and visible electrolyte layers on the surface. The damp moisture films are created at a certain critical humidity level (largely by the adsorption of water molecules), while the wet films are associated with dew, ocean spray, rainwater, and other forms of water splashing.</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7267006290101402474.post-3895246080583548412013-03-03T08:29:00.003+07:002013-03-03T08:34:30.464+07:00Major Components of Boilers<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Major Components of Boilers</b></span></div>
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A boiler, also referred to as a steam generator, is a major component in the plant cycle. It is a closed vessel that ef<span style="font-size: small;">fi</span>ciently uses heat produced from the combustion of fuel to convert water to steam. Efficiency is the most important characteristic of a boiler since it has a direct bearing on electricity production. Boilers are classified as either drum-type or once-through. <b><i>Major components of boilers</i> include an economizer, superheaters, reheaters, and spray attemperators.</b></div>
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<i><b>Economizer.</b></i></div>
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The economizer is the section of the boiler tubes where feedwater is first introduced into the boiler and where <span style="font-size: small;">fl</span>ue gas is used to raise the temperature of the water.</div>
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<i><b>Steam Drum (Drum Units Only).</b></i></div>
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The steam drum separates steam from the steam/water mixture and keeps the separated steam dry.</div>
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<i><b>Superheaters.</b></i></div>
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Superheaters are bundles of boiler tubing located in the blow path of the hot gases that are created by the combustion of fuel in the boiler furnace. Heat is transferred from the combustion gases to the steam in the superheater tubes. Superheaters are classi<span style="font-size: small;">fi</span>ed as primary and secondary. Steam passes first through the primary superheater (located in a relatively cool section of the boiler) after leaving the steam drum. There the steam receives a fraction of its final superheat and then passes through the secondary superheater for the remainder.</div>
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<i><b>Reheaters.</b></i></div>
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Reheaters are bundles of boiler tubes that are exposed to the combustion gases in the same manner as superheaters.</div>
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<b><i>Spray Attemperators.</i></b></div>
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Attemperators, also known as desuperheaters, are spray nozzles in the boiler tubes between the two superheaters. These spray nozzles supply a <span style="font-size: small;">fi</span>ne mist of pure water into the blow path of the steam to prevent tube damage from overheating. Attemperators are provided for both the superheater and reheater.</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7267006290101402474.post-56066169865264379592013-02-13T19:38:00.001+07:002013-02-13T19:38:33.952+07:00Steam Turbine Preventive Maintenance<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Steam Turbine Operation and Maintenance Content</b></span> </div>
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1) DEH control panel and display panel indication status is correct; the unit control mode and operating mode is normal. </div>
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2) TSI and ETS system have no alarm signal. </div>
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3) Frequently check each bearing, temperature and returning oil is normal and there is no water on oil window. </div>
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4) Periodically listen to the equipment to check whether there is any abnormal phenomenon. </div>
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5) Usually monitor the steam sealing system work is normal; according to the load changing condition, adjust the LP casing front and back steam sealing to prevent the gland seal from steam emission and absorption. </div>
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6) Pay attention to each heater water level changing condition and each drainage auto adjustment is normal; </div>
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7) The auto adjusted device should be out into service as automatically as much as possible. Auto adjustment is the main way while the manual adjustment is only auxiliary way. The auto reliability should be checked periodically. When auto is out of work or the adjusted object is stopped to use, it can be switched into manual mode. </div>
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8) Maintain the unit each parameter within prescribed range, read the meters on time, make the analysis work well to allow the unit under economic condition. </div>
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9) According to the rules in “equipment periodically switchover test work form, carry out the periodical switchover and test of relevant equipment. </div>
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10) Maintain the tidiness of the unit equipment and ensure the civilized production.
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7267006290101402474.post-80419088726281194322012-11-01T15:34:00.000+07:002012-11-01T15:57:09.710+07:00Main Component on Steam Power Plant<div style="text-align: justify;">
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Steam power plant is a thermal power plant consists of main components and auxiliary components as well as other systems. The main component consists of four components, namely:</div>
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- Boiler</div>
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- Steam Turbine</div>
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- Condenser</div>
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- Generator</div>
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<b>Boiler</b></div>
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Boiler has the function to convert water into steam. The process of change of water to vapor done by heating the water in the pipes with heat from burning fuel. Combustion processes carried out continuously in the combustion chamber with fuel and air flow from the outside.</div>
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The resulting steam is superheat steam which have high temperature and high pressure. Steam production quantities dependent on the surface area of heat transfer, flow rate, and the heat of combustion is given. Boiler construction consisting of water-filled pipes called a water tube boiler</div>
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<b>Steam Turbine</b></div>
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Steam turbine working to change the heat energy contained in the steam into rotary motion. Steam with high pressure and temperature were directed to push turbine blades mounted on the shaft, so the shaft rotates. Due to perform work on the turbine, the pressure and temperature of steam coming into the turbine down to saturated vapor. This steam then flows to the condenser, while the rotary power is used to turn a generator. Today almost all of the steam turbine is a type of condensing turbine</div>
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<b>Condenser</b></div>
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Condensers are devices to convert steam into water. The changes done by the steam flow into a room containing tubes. Steam flows outside tubes, while the cooling water flowing inside the tubes.</div>
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This is called surface condenser condenser. Usually for coolant use sea water.</div>
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Heat transfer rate depends on the flow of cooling water, sanitation tubes and the temperature difference between the steam and cooling water. The process of change into water vapor occurs at saturated pressure and temperature, in this case the condenser is under vacuum. because the cooling water temperature equal to the outside temperature, the maximum temperature condensate water near the outside air temperature. if the rate of heat transfer interrupted it will affect the pressure and temperature.<br /><br /><b>Generator</b><br />The main purpose of the activities at a plant is electricity. Electrical energy generated from the generator. Function generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy in the form of a round with the principle of magnetic induction.<br />Generator consists of stator and rotor. stator consists of the casing which contains coils and a rotor magnetic field station consists of a core containing a coil</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7267006290101402474.post-17493550946943577452012-10-31T17:14:00.000+07:002012-10-31T17:14:04.928+07:00Working Principle of Steam Powerplant<b><span style="font-size: large;">working principle of steam power plant</span></b><div style="text-align: justify;">
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Working fluid cycle steam power plant is a closed cycle, which uses the same fluid repeatedly. First, the water is filled into the boiler to fill the entire surface area of heat transfer. In the boiler water is heated by the hot gases of combustion fuel with air so that turned into vapor phase. Steam produced by boiler with pressure and temperature are directed to do work on the turbine to produce mechanical power in the form of rotation.</div>
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The former steam out of the turbine, and then flowed into the condenser to be cooled with cooling water that turned to water. Condensate water is then used again as boiler feed water. Thus the cycle goes on and repeats.</div>
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Rotation of turbine is used to turn a generator that is coupled directly to the turbine. So when the turbine rotates, the generator output terminals generate electricity. Although working fluid cycle is a closed cycle, but the amount of water in the cycle would decrease. The reduction is due to the leakage of water either intentional or unintentional</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7267006290101402474.post-74215862468816401552012-10-29T14:57:00.000+07:002012-10-31T16:35:12.965+07:00About Electric EnergyIn the present electrical energy is the primary energy of human life on earth. Understanding electrical energy according to Wikipedia is the final energy required for electrical / energy stored in the electric current to drive the motor, lighting, heating, cooling or to move back one mechanical equipment to produce other forms of energy. The energy generated can come from various sources, such as water, oil, coal, wind, geothermal, nuclear, solar, and others. This energy is the magnitude of a few volts to thousands or millions of volts.<br />
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Electricity has penetrated our lives. Modern human life cannot be separated from electricity. With electricity as a source of energy that unites people and facilitate human work. Not a few others due to the negligence and inadvertence, this energy is potentially catastrophic for human or rather a handful of humans.<br />
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The electrical energy is described as a movement of charged energy electron flow like a stream of water flows.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com